A new biocompatible UV-blocking compound has been discovered by scientists in Thailand, during research into cyanobacteria from the country’s hot springs.

The compound found within the cyanobacteria, often called blue-green algae, has an unusual structure, which is produced under the stressors of UV rays and salt. 

The researchers are hailing the discovery as a step towards a new generation of eco-friendly sunscreens and skincare products that are safer for both people and the environment.

The study

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic, meaning they produce oxygen. In order to survive in harsh environments, these bacteria also generate a range of chemical compounds, including mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). 

These MAAs are small, water-soluble molecules that absorb ultraviolet radiation and protect cells from sun damage. 

The researchers, led by professor Hakuto Kageyama of Meijo University and professor Rungaroon Waditee-Sirisattha of Chulalongkorn University, found a new MAA in cyanobacteria from the Bo Khlueng hot spring in Ratchaburi Province in Thailand.

One of eight strains of cyanobacteria showed the new MAA, showed an increase in the UV-absorbing compound when it was exposed to UV-A and UV-B light. The compound has been named β-glucose-bound hydroxy mycosporine-sarcosine (GlcHMS326).

The researchers believe a unique set of genes is responsible for the production of the compound. They also say GlcHMS326 demonstrates stronger free-radical scavenging activity, suggesting that its unique structure is integral to its antioxidant potential.

The professors believe these cyanobacteria represent a key area of research for multiple disciplines, offering new avenues for basic science and sustainable biotechnology.

The study was recently published in the journal called Science of the Total Environment.